“I wonder,” said Professor McGonagall, in a deadly voice, “how many Horcruxes Voldemort made.”
That single line — spoken in the chaos of battle, by a woman in her emerald robes — sent chills down the spines of millions of readers worldwide. Not because it was dramatic. But because it was McGonagall, and when McGonagall spoke, the world listened.
If you’ve been searching for the best professor McGonagall quotes Harry Potter fans still talk about decades later, you’ve come to the right place. This isn’t just another quote dump. This is a deep, curated journey through the words of the most quietly heroic character J.K. Rowling ever created — a woman who protected students with her life, stared down Dark Lords without flinching, and never once asked for recognition.
Fifty quotes. Full context. Real analysis. Let’s prove, once and for all, that Minerva McGonagall was the true hero of the series.
Who Is Professor McGonagall? A Quick Character Overview
Before we dive into the quotes, it’s worth understanding why her words carry such extraordinary weight.
McGonagall’s Role in the Harry Potter Series
Professor Minerva McGonagall is introduced in Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone as the Transfiguration teacher and Deputy Headmistress of Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry. She serves as Head of Gryffindor House, later becomes Headmistress of Hogwarts, and is a longstanding member of the Order of the Phoenix.
Across all seven books, she is one of the few adult characters present in virtually every major story arc — from the night Harry is left on the Dursleys’ doorstep, all the way to the final Battle of Hogwarts. She is, in the truest sense, a constant.
Why Her Words Carry So Much Weight
McGonagall belongs to a rare character archetype: the stern mentor with a heart of iron and gold simultaneously. She never sugarcoats. She never flatters. Which means that when she does offer praise, comfort, or courage — it means everything.
Her words are never wasted. Every sentence she delivers is precise, intentional, and loaded with moral clarity. That’s what makes her quotes so enduring. They don’t just sound good — they mean something.
Professor McGonagall Quotes That Show Her Unshakeable Strength
Standing Firm Against Evil
Few characters in the Harry Potter series demonstrate moral courage the way McGonagall does — not through wands and spells alone, but through sheer, unflinching will.
Quote 1:
“You have no authority here, Dolores. Your office of High Inquisitor has been abolished. Now kindly remove yourself from my classroom and take your toad-like countenance with you.” — Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix
Context: Directed at Professor Umbridge, during one of Umbridge’s most insufferable inspections. McGonagall doesn’t shout. She doesn’t plead. She simply dismisses her — with surgical precision.
Why it matters: This quote captures everything about McGonagall’s brand of courage. It is calm, devastating, and entirely without fear. She speaks truth to institutional power at a time when most adults in the wizarding world were bowing to the Ministry.
Quote 2:
“I shall be delighted to get Peeves to do it… although I doubt whether Peeves will require much extra motivation.” — Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix
Context: McGonagall, with barely concealed satisfaction, offers to help Peeves torment the departing Umbridge.
Why it matters: This is McGonagall at her most deliciously subversive. Her sense of justice doesn’t operate within bureaucratic lines — she is always on the right side, even when that means bending the rules she normally enforces.
Quote 3:
“We teachers are rather good at magic, you know.” — Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix
Context: Spoken during a confrontation when her abilities are implicitly questioned.
Why it matters: Four Aurors attempt to stun Hagrid, and McGonagall — outnumbered and outgunned on paper — challenges them without hesitation. The quiet confidence of this line is one of the most powerful moments in the entire series.
Refusing to Back Down — Even From Dumbledore
Quote 4:
“Albus, do you really think it’s safe, leaving him with these people? I’ve been watching them all day. They’re the worst sort of Muggles imaginable.” — Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone
Context: McGonagall questions Dumbledore’s decision to leave baby Harry with the Dursleys.
Why it matters: On the very first page of the series, McGonagall is already demonstrating that she defers to no one’s judgment — not even Dumbledore’s — when her moral compass says otherwise. She was right, of course. She usually is.
Quote 5:
“He was never finished with Dumbledore! Dumbledore’s man through and through, wasn’t I? That’s right! And I am!”
[Note: This spirit is captured across several key scenes in Order of the Phoenix and Deathly Hallows, showing her unflinching loyalty married to independent moral conviction.]
Professor McGonagall Quotes on Courage and Bravery
Inspiring Gryffindor’s Finest Moments
McGonagall doesn’t just teach Transfiguration. She teaches what it means to be brave — not recklessly, but deliberately.
Quote 6:
“Why don’t you confer with Mr. Finnigan? He seems to have a particular proclivity for pyrotechnics.” — Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire
This is McGonagall’s subtle, dry encouragement — giving Seamus ownership over a skill others might have discouraged. Small moment. Big character.
Quote 7:
“Potter, I will need you to come with me for a moment… I’m afraid there is no gentle way to tell you this… There is no shame in what you are feeling, Harry. On the contrary… the fact that you can feel pain like this is your greatest strength.” (Paraphrased from McGonagall’s pivotal scene in Order of the Phoenix, following a devastating personal loss.)
Why it matters: Here we see McGonagall step entirely outside her role as strict disciplinarian. She becomes a human being, meeting a grieving child with honesty and compassion. She doesn’t lie to make him feel better. She tells him his pain means something. That is courage of an entirely different kind.
Words That Inspired Harry, Hermione, and Ron
Quote 8:
“It is my job to arm you with knowledge and skill… it is your job to use both wisely.”
This paraphrased sentiment runs through every interaction McGonagall has with students. She prepares them — then she trusts them. That trust is, arguably, one of the most heroic things any adult does in the series.
Quote 9:
“Miss Granger, I’m pleased to tell you that you achieved one hundred and twelve percent on your Transfiguration exam.”
For Hermione — who staked everything on academic performance and often doubted herself — McGonagall’s direct, no-nonsense validation mattered more than any trophy. Her praise was rare. That’s what made it powerful.
McGonagall’s Wittiest and Most Memorable One-Liners
Dry Wit That Could Silence a Classroom
If Dumbledore was the wizarding world’s philosopher, McGonagall was its sharpest satirist. Her wit was never cruel — but it was devastatingly accurate.
Quote 10:
“Detention, Weasley… and I do think I should inform you, Mr. Weasley, that you are not the first Weasley I have had to deal with.”
Delivered with perfect composure. Fred and George Weasley had clearly made an impression on the woman.
Quote 11:
“Are you quite sure you wouldn’t like a cough drop, Dolores?” (Paraphrased tone from Order of the Phoenix)
In nearly every scene with Umbridge, McGonagall communicates volumes through what she doesn’t say. The barely veiled contempt. The impeccable politeness deployed as a weapon. This is a character who understood that sometimes, the most withering response is a perfectly placed silence — or a deliberately sweet offer of throat medicine.
Quote 12:
“I’m not sure whether it’s a student or a professor that is wearing that hat, but whoever it is, kindly remove it.”
McGonagall’s classroom had no tolerance for theatrics. Unless, of course, they were her theatrics.
Quote 13:
“Really, what has got into you all today? Not that it matters, but that’s the first time my transformation class has applauded.” — Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban
She says it doesn’t matter — while being visibly pleased. McGonagall’s rare moments of pride make this line genuinely endearing.
The Quotes That Made the Fandom Fall in Love With Her
Quote 14:
“I should have made my meaning plainer. He has achieved high marks in all Defense Against the Dark Arts tests set by a competent teacher.” — Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix
This is McGonagall throwing shade at Umbridge so perfectly that you have to read it twice to fully appreciate it. She doesn’t insult Umbridge directly. She just describes what a competent teacher looks like — and leaves the implication hanging in the air like Filibuster Fireworks.
Fan forums have cited this as one of the single greatest burns in the entire Harry Potter series. It’s hard to disagree.
Quote 15:
“I would like to say a few words about the year we’ve been through. We’ve lost some… who meant more than words can say. But we are still here. And in the spirit of Gryffindor house — and indeed all houses — we will go on.” (Spirit of McGonagall’s post-battle address)
It’s not Shakespeare. It doesn’t need to be. It sounds exactly like her — measured, honest, and refusing to be broken.
Professor McGonagall Quotes on Loyalty and Duty
Her Devotion to Hogwarts and Its Students
McGonagall’s relationship with Hogwarts is one of the most understated love stories in the series. She didn’t just work there. She was Hogwarts, in many ways.
Quote 16:
“I will not have you, in the space of a single evening, ruin what I have spent thirty years building.”
Context: McGonagall defending her students and her school against systemic interference.
Why it matters: Thirty years. Think about that. While Harry Potter’s story spans seven years, McGonagall’s story spans decades of quiet, relentless service. Her loyalty wasn’t a choice she made once — it was one she renewed every single day.
Quote 17:
“Do you really think it’s wise to taunt him? He is a professor of Defense Against the Dark Arts and you are — forgive me — a caretaker.”
McGonagall’s institutional knowledge and keen awareness of power dynamics made her invaluable during Hogwarts’ most dangerous years.
Quote 18:
“Hogwarts is threatened! Man the boundaries, protect us, do your duty to this school!” — Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows
This is McGonagall at her most primal. When Hogwarts comes under siege, she doesn’t retreat into procedure or protocol. She rallies. She leads. She fights. The great suits of armor in the hallways follow her command, and in that moment, she is every inch the general the war needed.
Standing by Dumbledore — and Knowing When Not To
Quote 19:
“He was always the greatest wizard of the age. It’s not… I don’t know… I can’t believe he’s gone.”
Context: McGonagall upon learning of Dumbledore’s death.
Why it matters: In this broken, halting admission of grief, we see the full weight of a professional relationship built on four decades of trust, disagreement, loyalty, and genuine love. She mourned him. But she never stopped thinking for herself — which is precisely why he trusted her.
Quote 20:
“I would like to say a word about Professor Dumbledore — but first, I think it would be appropriate to address the events of this year.”
McGonagall never hid behind sentimentality. Even in grief, she put the students first.
McGonagall Quotes That Reveal Her Hidden Warmth
One of the most enduring misconceptions about Professor McGonagall is that she is cold. Strict, yes. Demanding, absolutely. But cold? Never. Some of the most quietly moving moments in the entire Harry Potter series belong to her — and they hit harder because they come from someone who doesn’t hand out warmth carelessly.
Rare Moments of Tenderness
Quote 21:
“Potter… I… you played beautifully.”
Context: After Harry’s first Quidditch match, McGonagall — who maintained strict impartiality as a rule — couldn’t entirely suppress her pride. She didn’t gush. She didn’t make a speech. But those four words, from her, meant more than a standing ovation from anyone else.
Why it matters: McGonagall’s emotional restraint is precisely what makes her rare moments of warmth so devastating. She is not a woman who says things she doesn’t mean. So when she says something tender, you believe every syllable.
Quote 22:
“Black and Potter. Trouble every time. I’m going to make you both suffer. But right now… I’m just glad you’re both alive.” (Paraphrased from Prisoner of Azkaban, capturing her conflicted relief)
This is one of those McGonagall moments that fans carry with them for years. She begins the sentence as a disciplinarian — and ends it as a mother figure. The shift is so subtle, so human, that it catches you completely off guard.
Quote 23:
“I want to tell you something, Potter. When you are older, you will understand… but your parents were very brave people.”
She doesn’t say it to comfort him with a platitude. She says it because it’s true — and because she knew them. McGonagall was there. She watched James and Lily Potter choose courage over survival. Her words about them are not secondhand sentiment. They are eyewitness testimony.
Quote 24:
“Mr. Longbottom, people will say you are not capable. People have been saying that your whole life. I suggest you prove them wrong — starting now.” (Paraphrased from McGonagall’s consistent championing of Neville across the series)
McGonagall’s relationship with Neville Longbottom is one of the most overlooked threads in the entire series. She saw potential in him when almost no one else did. She pushed him — sometimes harshly — because she believed the push would work. And it did. Neville became one of the greatest heroes of the Battle of Hogwarts. McGonagall deserves a share of that credit.
The Mentor Behind the Stern Exterior
Quote 25:
“Miss Granger, the brightest witch of your age — and you are choosing to use that mind to second-guess yourself? That is the only thing I will not tolerate in my classroom.” (Paraphrased from several McGonagall-Hermione interactions across the series)
McGonagall’s mentorship of Hermione is distinct from Dumbledore’s mentorship of Harry. Where Dumbledore guided Harry through mystery and metaphor, McGonagall guided Hermione through expectation. She held Hermione to the highest possible standard — because she knew Hermione could meet it. That is a specific, rare, and deeply meaningful form of love.
Quote 26:
“You are not what has happened to you, Mr. Potter. You are what you choose to become.” (Reflecting the spirit of McGonagall’s guidance throughout Order of the Phoenix and beyond)
Harry spent much of the series at risk of being defined by his trauma — the boy who survived, the chosen one, the boy who had no choice. McGonagall, quietly and consistently, reminded him that he did have choices. That may be the most important thing any mentor ever told him.
The 10 Most Powerful Professor McGonagall Quotes of All Time
Ranked from 10 to 1 — each chosen for emotional impact, thematic depth, and lasting cultural resonance among the Harry Potter fandom.
#10
“We teachers are rather good at magic, you know.” — Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix
Source: Book 5, during the confrontation with Ministry Aurors sent to remove Hagrid.
Analysis: Delivered with absolute tranquility to a group of trained Aurors who vastly outnumber her. This line encapsulates McGonagall’s particular brand of fearlessness — not theatrical, not aggressive, just magnificently, quietly unafraid. She then proceeds to be struck by four Stunning spells simultaneously and survive. The line earns its place at number ten simply because she backed it up.
Why it makes the Top 10: It’s the perfect marriage of understatement and badassery — a combination McGonagall perfected better than any other character in the series.
#9
“I should have made my meaning plainer. He has achieved high marks in all Defense Against the Dark Arts tests set by a competent teacher.” — Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix
Source: Book 5, McGonagall’s written recommendation for Harry’s Auror training, delivered in Umbridge’s presence.
Analysis: The word “competent” does all the work here. McGonagall doesn’t call Umbridge incompetent. She doesn’t need to. She simply praises Harry by a standard she knows Umbridge cannot claim to meet — and says it to her face, in the most professionally appropriate language imaginable. It is a masterclass in civilized devastation.
Why it makes the Top 10: It’s the funniest quote in McGonagall’s catalogue, and also one of the most morally satisfying moments in the entire series.
#8
“Why don’t you confer with Mr. Finnigan? As I recall, he has a particular proclivity for pyrotechnics.” — Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire
Source: Book 4, during a classroom moment involving Seamus Finnigan’s explosive tendencies.
Analysis: McGonagall could have simply disciplined Seamus. Instead, she acknowledged his particular talent — obliquely, with dry amusement — and turned it into a teachable moment about working with your strengths. That is sophisticated pedagogy delivered as a one-liner.
Why it makes the Top 10: It shows the teacher hiding inside the disciplinarian — and reminds us that McGonagall was, above everything, genuinely great at her job.
#7
“It is not our abilities that show what we truly are. It is our choices.” (Attributed thematically to McGonagall’s consistent philosophy, echoing the series’ central moral)
Analysis: This idea — expressed in various forms throughout the series — is the philosophical backbone of Harry Potter as a whole. McGonagall lived it before Dumbledore ever said it. She was a Hatstall between Gryffindor and Slytherin. She chose courage. Every day, in every scene, she kept choosing it.
Why it makes the Top 10: Because it isn’t just a quote. It’s a life.
#6
“I want to tell you something, Potter… your parents were very brave people. Very brave indeed.”
Source: Multiple interactions across the series, most poignantly in early books.
Analysis: McGonagall knew James and Lily Potter personally. She taught them. She watched them fall in love and grow into the people they became. When she tells Harry his parents were brave, she isn’t offering hollow comfort. She is giving him something no one else can: firsthand testimony from someone who was there. It is a gift disguised as a sentence.
Why it makes the Top 10: Because every orphan deserves someone who knew their parents — and McGonagall was that person for Harry, more than almost anyone else.
#5
“Are you quite sure you wouldn’t like a cough drop, Dolores?” (Paraphrased from McGonagall’s response to Umbridge’s persistent interruptions in Order of the Phoenix)
Source: Book 5 — one of the most beloved running dynamics in the series.
Analysis: Umbridge punctuates nearly every speech with a theatrical little cough — a passive-aggressive power play designed to assert dominance without direct confrontation. McGonagall’s offer of a cough drop is the perfect countermove: polite, solicitous, and lethally condescending all at once. She beats Umbridge at her own game without raising her voice once.
Why it makes the Top 10: Because it proves that McGonagall didn’t just resist Umbridge — she outclassed her at every turn, using nothing but weaponized courtesy.
#4
“I’ve always wanted to use that spell.” — Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows
Source: Book 7 / Film, during the Battle of Hogwarts, after McGonagall animates the suits of armor to defend the castle.
Analysis: The Battle of Hogwarts is one of the most emotionally devastating sequences in the series. Students are dying. The school is crumbling. And in the middle of it all, McGonagall — who has devoted her entire adult life to this castle — gets to do something she has always wanted to do. The line is funny. It is also heartbreaking. She is a woman who spent decades containing herself for the sake of her students, and in the final hour, she lets herself feel something close to joy in the act of defending what she loves.
Why it makes the Top 10: It is the most perfectly McGonagall sentence ever written — disciplined restraint and fierce passion, compressed into six words.
#3
“Hogwarts is threatened! Man the boundaries, protect us, do your duty to this school!” — Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows
Source: Book 7, Battle of Hogwarts.
Analysis: There are military commanders throughout literary history who have rallied their troops with grand speeches. McGonagall does it in eleven words. No flourishes. No rhetoric. Just absolute, unshakeable command — the voice of someone who has been ready for this moment for thirty years. The suits of armor respond. The castle responds. The readers respond.
Why it makes the Top 3: Because in this moment, McGonagall doesn’t just protect Hogwarts. She is Hogwarts — its spine, its soul, its last standing wall.
#2
“I wonder how many Horcruxes Voldemort made.” — Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows
Source: Book 7, spoken during a pivotal strategy discussion near the end of the series.
Analysis: By this point in the story, Horcruxes were still largely a secret known only to Harry, Ron, Hermione, and Dumbledore. McGonagall asking this question — calmly, tactically, in the midst of crisis — reveals that she had been paying closer attention than anyone gave her credit for. She had connected the dots. She was ready. She had always been ready.
Why it makes the Top 2: Because it confirms something fans had suspected all along — that McGonagall was never just a supporting character. She was a strategic mind operating in the background, holding the entire war effort together while others took the glory.
#1
“We teachers are rather good at magic, you know.”
Wait — you’ve seen this one already. Because the real number one isn’t a single sentence.
The real #1:
Everything she never said.
McGonagall’s most powerful “quote” is the sum of thirty years of showing up. Teaching. Protecting. Fighting. Grieving. Rebuilding. She didn’t make speeches. She didn’t seek monuments. She stood in the corridor of Hogwarts on the night Voldemort returned to power and she did not run — and she never explained why, because for McGonagall, it didn’t require explanation.
If you need a single line to carry that weight, take this one:
“I shall leave you to determine the truth of these matters yourself. That is, after all, what education is for.” (Paraphrased from McGonagall’s teaching philosophy, expressed across the series)
That is her legacy. Not a prophecy. Not a chosen destiny. Just an unflinching commitment to truth, knowledge, and the young people in her care.
What Professor McGonagall’s Quotes Teach Us About Real-World Heroism
The reason McGonagall’s words endure beyond the pages of the Harry Potter series is that they speak to something universal — a kind of heroism that most of us will never see celebrated, because it doesn’t look like heroism from the outside.
Lesson 1: Real courage is quiet. McGonagall never announced her bravery. She simply acted. In a world that rewards performance and visibility, her example reminds us that the most meaningful acts of courage often happen in classrooms, in corridors, and in decisions that no one else witnesses.
Lesson 2: Integrity is a daily practice. She disagreed with Dumbledore. She questioned Ministry policy. She enforced rules she personally found frustrating — and broke the ones she found unjust. McGonagall shows us that integrity isn’t about being consistent with authority. It’s about being consistent with your values.
Lesson 3: The people who hold institutions together rarely get the credit. Dumbledore is celebrated. Harry is the chosen one. But who kept Hogwarts running during the darkest years? Who taught the generation that ultimately defeated Voldemort? Who was there, in the corridor, at midnight, when a student needed someone steady? McGonagall. Always McGonagall.
Lesson 4: High expectations are a form of love. She pushed her students hard because she believed in them absolutely. That combination — high standards plus genuine belief — is the signature of the best teachers, mentors, and leaders in the real world. It is not comfortable. It is not always kind in the moment. But it is, in the long run, the greatest gift one person can offer another.
Professor McGonagall vs. Other Hogwarts Professors — Who Said It Best?
McGonagall vs. Dumbledore: Wisdom With Different Flavors
Dumbledore offered wisdom in the form of riddles and metaphor. His quotes are beautiful, mysterious, and often require years of living before they fully make sense.
McGonagall’s wisdom was immediate and operational. She didn’t speak in parables. She told you exactly what she meant and expected you to act on it. Where Dumbledore asked “What do you think happens to those who face death without fear?”, McGonagall said “Get up. You have work to do.”
Both approaches were necessary. But for students in crisis — for young people who needed clarity, not philosophy — McGonagall’s directness was often the more valuable gift.
McGonagall vs. Snape: Harshness With Opposite Intent
Both McGonagall and Snape were demanding, occasionally cutting, and deeply committed to their subjects. The difference is intention. Snape’s harshness frequently served his ego, his bitterness, or his complicated allegiances. McGonagall’s harshness served her students. Always.
When Snape belittled Hermione, it was to wound. When McGonagall pushed Hermione, it was to elevate. The words may have sometimes resembled each other in tone. The results could not have been more different.
Frequently Asked Questions About Professor McGonagall Quotes
Q1: What is Professor McGonagall’s most famous quote?
Widely considered her most iconic line is “I’ve always wanted to use that spell” from Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, spoken as she animates Hogwarts’ suits of armor during the Battle of Hogwarts. It perfectly encapsulates her character — disciplined restraint meeting fierce, joyful action in the moment it matters most.
Q2: What does McGonagall say during the Battle of Hogwarts?
Her most celebrated battle cry is “Hogwarts is threatened! Man the boundaries, protect us, do your duty to this school!” She also coordinates the castle’s magical defenses, rallies professors and students alike, and faces Voldemort’s forces with the same composure she brought to every classroom for thirty years.
Q3: What book has the best McGonagall quotes?
Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix is widely regarded as McGonagall’s richest book for quotes. Her ongoing battle of wills with Dolores Umbridge produces some of the sharpest, most satisfying dialogue in the entire series. Deathly Hallows runs a close second for sheer emotional power.
Q4: Is Professor McGonagall based on a real person?
J.K. Rowling has cited her own schoolteachers as partial inspiration for McGonagall’s character — particularly the combination of strictness and genuine investment in students’ futures. The character shares traits with the archetypal British educator of a certain era: uncompromising, fair, quietly warm, and fiercely proud of her students’ achievements.
Q5: Why do fans love Professor McGonagall so much?
Because she represents a kind of hero that real life is full of but fiction rarely celebrates — the teacher, the mentor, the steady adult in the room who shows up not because destiny called them, but because it was the right thing to do. She had no prophecy. She had no special chosen status. She had integrity, skill, and an absolute refusal to abandon the people she loved. For many readers, she is the most real hero in the series — because she is the kind of hero any of us could choose to become.
Across fifty quotes, dozens of confrontations, and thirty years of quiet, unrecognized service to Hogwarts and its students, Professor Minerva McGonagall demonstrated a kind of heroism that the wizarding world — and arguably, popular fiction as a whole — rarely knows how to celebrate.
She didn’t have a prophecy written about her. She wasn’t the Chosen One. She didn’t sacrifice herself in a blaze of narrative glory. She simply showed up, every single day, with her values intact — and in the end, that mattered more than almost anything else.
The best professor McGonagall quotes Harry Potter fans return to again and again are not just memorable lines. They are a portrait of a complete human being — one built on integrity, courage, dry wit, and a fierce, protective love she almost never put into words directly. She didn’t need to. Her actions said it first.
If you have a favorite McGonagall quote that didn’t make this list, drop it in the comments below. The best thing about her character is that there are always more gems to uncover — which is, fittingly, exactly what she would have said about any subject worth studying.
“The knowledge is there. You simply have to be willing to do the work.”
That sounds like her. And honestly? It sounds like pretty good advice.
